In addition, more than 10 weeks of training may be more beneficial for the improvement of power. The improvement of the maximum strength caused by CT was greater than that induced by PLT. 001) for CT 4) The time effects of unloaded PLT and CT on explosive power were similar, but the time effects of CT on maximum strength were obviously above that of PLT.ĭiscussion: In conclusion, unloaded PLT and CT have a similar effect on explosive performance in the short term but loaded PLT has a better effect. 001) for CT 3) Synthetic effects on maximum strength. 001) for CT 2) Synthetic effects on sprint ability. Results: The results suggested the following: 1) Synthetic effects on jump ability (Hedges’ g). Our research identified 87 studies comprising 1,355 subjects aged 10–26.4 years. Methods: The Review Manager and GraphPad Prism programs were used to analyze the synthetic and time effects (effects over training time) on explosive power (i.e., jump ability, sprint ability) and maximum strength. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to compare the effects of PLT and CT on the explosive power of the lower limbs. However, it is still not clear which of the two strategies can enable greater improvements on the explosive power. Thus, strategies such as complex training (CT) and plyometric training (PLT) are effective at improving explosive power. Introduction: Explosive power is considered an important factor in competitive events. 5Department of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China.4Faculty of Educational Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.3Department of Sport Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.2Department of Physical Education, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, Shandong, China.1Department of Sport Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors.Xiaolin Wang 1, Changhai Lv 2*, Xinmin Qin 3, Shuyu Ji 4 and Delong Dong 5 Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. All authors participated in the project discussion and manuscript preparation. conceived the concept of nano-kirigami and contributed to the structural designs and J.L. conceived the concept of one-step nanofabrication J.L. performed the numerical simulations on optical chirality J.L. and N.X.F performed the mechanical modeling and contributed to the studies on fabrication mechanism, optical chirality, and potential inverse designs Z.L. developed the nano-kirigami methods, fabricated the sample, conducted the optical measurements, and analyzed the data H.D. 2950 (“Metamaterials by deep subwavelength non-Hermitian engineering”). acknowledge the financial support from Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (award FA-0488, “Quantum Metaphotonics and Quantum Metamaterials”) and from KAUST-MIT agreement no. 61475186, 61675227, and 11434017 and the visiting program of Chinese Scholarship Council under grant no. 2017YFA0303800 the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant nos. Funding: This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under grant no. Li from Southern University of Science and Technology for useful discussions. Gu from the Laboratory of Microfabrication, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences for assistance in FIB facilities and G. The demonstrated nano-kirigami, as well as the exotic 3D nanostructures, could be adopted in broad nanofabrication platforms and could open up new possibilities for the exploration of functional micro-/nanophotonic and mechanical devices. Benefiting from the nanoscale 3D twisting features, giant optical chirality is achieved in an intuitively designed 3D pinwheel-like structure, in strong contrast to the achiral 2D precursor without nano-kirigami. By using the topography-guided stress equilibrium, rich 3D shape transformation such as buckling, rotation, and twisting of nanostructures is precisely achieved, which can be predicted by our mechanical modeling. The nano-kirigami is readily implemented by in situ cutting and buckling a suspended gold film with programmed ion beam irradiation. We demonstrate a one-step and on-site nano-kirigami method that avoids the prescribed multistep procedures in traditional mesoscopic kirigami or origami techniques. Kirigami enables versatile shape transformation from two-dimensional (2D) precursors to 3D architectures with simplified fabrication complexity and unconventional structural geometries.
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